Population overview
Madison County is home to roughly 14,226 people, making up about 0.04% of the total population of Texas. Within the East Texas region, it ranks #34 of 44 counties by population. The combination of 470 square miles of land and 14,226 residents yields a density of about 30.3 people per square mile — characteristic of small-town and exurban Texas, where towns are anchored by a county seat surrounded by working farmland and ranches.
How Madison County compares
Compared with the other 253 Texas counties, Madison County sits in the lower half of the population distribution. It represents the broad middle of Texas — small to mid-sized counties with a clear county seat and a regionally rooted economy.
| Comparison | Population | vs Madison |
|---|---|---|
| Madison County | 14,226 | — |
| East Texas region average | 64,981 | +357% |
| Texas county median | 18,916 | +33% |
| Largest in Texas (Harris) | 5,045,026 | +35363% |
Neighboring county populations
Madison County shares borders with 5 counties. Comparing population across an adjacent corridor often reveals commuting patterns, school-district pull, and economic gravity.
| County | Seat | Population | Density |
|---|---|---|---|
| Brazos County | Bryan | 249,088 | 425.1 |
| Walker County | Huntsville | 83,842 | 106.4 |
| Grimes County | Anderson | 34,252 | 43.1 |
| Houston County | Crockett | 22,316 | 18.1 |
| Leon County | Centerville | 16,894 | 15.8 |
Frequently asked questions
What is the population of Madison County, Texas?+
Madison County has an estimated population of 14,226 residents, based on the most recent U.S. Census data.
What is the population density of Madison County?+
Madison County has a population density of approximately 30.3 people per square mile across its 470 sq mi of land area — characteristic of a small-town / exurban county.
Where does Madison County rank among Texas counties by population?+
Madison County ranks #144 out of 254 Texas counties by total population, accounting for roughly 0.04% of the state's total population.
What is the most populous county near Madison County?+
Among the 5 counties bordering Madison, Brazos County is the most populous with about 249,088 residents.
How is Madison County's population measured?+
Population figures are sourced from the U.S. Census Bureau — the decennial census and annual American Community Survey (ACS) population estimates. See our methodology for full sourcing.